X-Git-Url: https://mudpy.org/gitweb?p=mudpy.git;a=blobdiff_plain;f=mudpy.py;h=8b91054cee92b0984c491a725976d6979f0b17b4;hp=b149fc45061d2935cff302937f5338c6252e33f3;hb=74d37bfacdd2d7c13192fe2cd5e34f03cc2e399f;hpb=bc857f2685bcbe1772d943a04bdbafd6aafcb883

diff --git a/mudpy.py b/mudpy.py
index b149fc4..8b91054 100644
--- a/mudpy.py
+++ b/mudpy.py
@@ -1,134 +1,416 @@
 """Core objects for the mudpy engine."""
 
-# Copyright (c) 2005 mudpy, Jeremy Stanley <fungi@yuggoth.org>, all rights reserved.
+# Copyright (c) 2006 mudpy, Jeremy Stanley <fungi@yuggoth.org>, all rights reserved.
 # Licensed per terms in the LICENSE file distributed with this software.
 
 # import some things we need
 from ConfigParser import RawConfigParser
 from md5 import new as new_md5
-from os import R_OK, access, chmod, makedirs, stat
+from os import _exit, R_OK, W_OK, access, chmod, close, fork, getpid, makedirs, remove, setsid, stat
 from os.path import abspath, dirname, exists, isabs, join as path_join
 from random import choice, randrange
+from re import match
+from signal import SIGHUP, SIGTERM, signal
 from socket import AF_INET, SO_REUSEADDR, SOCK_STREAM, SOL_SOCKET, socket
 from stat import S_IMODE, ST_MODE
+from sys import stderr
+from syslog import LOG_PID, LOG_INFO, LOG_DAEMON, closelog, openlog, syslog
+from telnetlib import DO, DONT, ECHO, EOR, GA, IAC, LINEMODE, SB, SE, SGA, WILL, WONT
 from time import asctime, sleep
+from traceback import format_exception
+
+def excepthook(excepttype, value, traceback):
+	"""Handle uncaught exceptions."""
+
+	# assemble the list of errors into a single string
+	message = "".join(format_exception(excepttype, value, traceback))
+
+	# try to log it, if possible
+	try: log(message, 9)
+	except: pass
+
+	# try to write it to stderr, if possible
+	try: stderr.write(message)
+	except: pass
+
+# redefine sys.excepthook with ours
+import sys
+sys.excepthook = excepthook
+
+def sighook(what, where):
+	"""Handle external signals."""
+
+	# a generic message
+	message = "Caught signal: "
+
+	# for a hangup signal
+	if what == SIGHUP:
+		message += "hangup (reloading)"
+		universe.reload_modules = True
+
+	# for a terminate signal
+	elif what == SIGTERM:
+		message += "terminate (halting)"
+		universe.terminate_world = True
+
+	# catchall for unexpected signals
+	else: message += str(what) + " (unhandled)"
+
+	# log what happened
+	log(message, 8)
+
+# assign the sgnal handlers
+signal(SIGHUP, sighook)
+signal(SIGTERM, sighook)
 
 class Element:
 	"""An element of the universe."""
-	def __init__(self, key, universe, origin=""):
-		"""Default values for the in-memory element variables."""
+	def __init__(self, key, universe, filename=None):
+		"""Set up a new element."""
+
+		# keep track of our key name
 		self.key = key
-		if self.key.find(":") > 0:
-			self.category, self.subkey = self.key.split(":", 1)
+
+		# keep track of what universe it's loading` into
+		self.universe = universe
+
+		# clone attributes if this is replacing another element
+		if self.key in self.universe.contents:
+			old_element = self.universe.contents[self.key]
+			for attribute in vars(old_element).keys():
+				exec("self." + attribute + " = old_element." + attribute)
+			if self.owner: self.owner.avatar = self
+
+		# i guess this is a new element then
 		else:
-			self.category = "other"
-			self.subkey = self.key
-		if not self.category in universe.categories: self.category = "other"
-		universe.categories[self.category][self.subkey] = self
-		self.origin = origin
-		if not self.origin: self.origin = universe.default_origins[self.category]
-		if not isabs(self.origin):
-			self.origin = abspath(self.origin)
-		universe.contents[self.key] = self
-		if not self.origin in universe.files:
-			DataFile(self.origin, universe)
-		if not universe.files[self.origin].data.has_section(self.key):
-			universe.files[self.origin].data.add_section(self.key)
-	def delete(self):
-		log("Deleting: " + self.key + ".")
-		universe.files[self.origin].data.remove_section(self.key)
-		del universe.categories[self.category][self.subkey]
-		del universe.contents[self.key]
+
+			# not owned by a user by default (used for avatars)
+			self.owner = None
+
+			# no contents in here by default
+			self.contents = {}
+
+			# parse out appropriate category and subkey names, add to list
+			if self.key.find(":") > 0:
+				self.category, self.subkey = self.key.split(":", 1)
+			else:
+				self.category = "other"
+				self.subkey = self.key
+			if not self.category in self.universe.categories:
+				self.category = "other"
+				self.subkey = self.key
+
+			# get an appropriate filename for the origin
+			if not filename: filename = self.universe.default_origins[self.category]
+			if not isabs(filename): filename = abspath(filename)
+
+			# add the file if it doesn't exist yet
+			if not filename in self.universe.files: DataFile(filename, self.universe)
+
+		# record or reset a pointer to the origin file
+		self.origin = self.universe.files[filename]
+
+		# add a data section to the origin if necessary
+		if not self.origin.data.has_section(self.key):
+			self.origin.data.add_section(self.key)
+
+		# add or replace this element in the universe
+		self.universe.contents[self.key] = self
+		self.universe.categories[self.category][self.subkey] = self
+
+	def reload(self):
+		"""Create a new element and replace this one."""
+		new_element = Element(self.key, self.universe, self.origin.filename)
+		del(self)
+	def destroy(self):
+		"""Remove an element from the universe and destroy it."""
+		self.origin.data.remove_section(self.key)
+		del self.universe.categories[self.category][self.subkey]
+		del self.universe.contents[self.key]
 		del self
 	def facets(self):
-		"""Return a list of facets for this element."""
-		return universe.files[self.origin].data.options(self.key)
-	def get(self, facet, default=""):
+		"""Return a list of non-inherited facets for this element."""
+		if self.key in self.origin.data.sections():
+			return self.origin.data.options(self.key)
+		else: return []
+	def has_facet(self, facet):
+		"""Return whether the non-inherited facet exists."""
+		return facet in self.facets()
+	def remove_facet(self, facet):
+		"""Remove a facet from the element."""
+		if self.has_facet(facet):
+			self.origin.data.remove_option(self.key, facet)
+			self.origin.modified = True
+	def ancestry(self):
+		"""Return a list of the element's inheritance lineage."""
+		if self.has_facet("inherit"):
+			ancestry = self.getlist("inherit")
+			for parent in ancestry[:]:
+				ancestors = self.universe.contents[parent].ancestry()
+				for ancestor in ancestors:
+					if ancestor not in ancestry: ancestry.append(ancestor)
+			return ancestry
+		else: return []
+	def get(self, facet, default=None):
 		"""Retrieve values."""
-		if universe.files[self.origin].data.has_option(self.key, facet):
-			return universe.files[self.origin].data.get(self.key, facet)
+		if default is None: default = ""
+		if self.origin.data.has_option(self.key, facet):
+			return self.origin.data.get(self.key, facet)
+		elif self.has_facet("inherit"):
+			for ancestor in self.ancestry():
+				if self.universe.contents[ancestor].has_facet(facet):
+					return self.universe.contents[ancestor].get(facet)
 		else: return default
-	def getboolean(self, facet, default=False):
+	def getboolean(self, facet, default=None):
 		"""Retrieve values as boolean type."""
-		if universe.files[self.origin].data.has_option(self.key, facet):
-			return universe.files[self.origin].data.getboolean(self.key, facet)
+		if default is None: default=False
+		if self.origin.data.has_option(self.key, facet):
+			return self.origin.data.getboolean(self.key, facet)
+		elif self.has_facet("inherit"):
+			for ancestor in self.ancestry():
+				if self.universe.contents[ancestor].has_facet(facet):
+					return self.universe.contents[ancestor].getboolean(facet)
 		else: return default
-	def getint(self, facet, default=0):
+	def getint(self, facet, default=None):
 		"""Return values as int/long type."""
-		if universe.files[self.origin].data.has_option(self.key, facet):
-			return universe.files[self.origin].data.getint(self.key, facet)
+		if default is None: default = 0
+		if self.origin.data.has_option(self.key, facet):
+			return self.origin.data.getint(self.key, facet)
+		elif self.has_facet("inherit"):
+			for ancestor in self.ancestry():
+				if self.universe.contents[ancestor].has_facet(facet):
+					return self.universe.contents[ancestor].getint(facet)
 		else: return default
-	def getfloat(self, facet, default=0.0):
+	def getfloat(self, facet, default=None):
 		"""Return values as float type."""
-		if universe.files[self.origin].data.has_option(self.key, facet):
-			return universe.files[self.origin].data.getfloat(self.key, facet)
+		if default is None: default = 0.0
+		if self.origin.data.has_option(self.key, facet):
+			return self.origin.data.getfloat(self.key, facet)
+		elif self.has_facet("inherit"):
+			for ancestor in self.ancestry():
+				if self.universe.contents[ancestor].has_facet(facet):
+					return self.universe.contents[ancestor].getfloat(facet)
 		else: return default
-	def getlist(self, facet, default=[]):
+	def getlist(self, facet, default=None):
 		"""Return values as list type."""
+		if default is None: default = []
 		value = self.get(facet)
-		if not value: return default
-		else: return makelist(value)
-	def getdict(self, facet, default={}):
+		if value: return makelist(value)
+		else: return default
+	def getdict(self, facet, default=None):
 		"""Return values as dict type."""
+		if default is None: default = {}
 		value = self.get(facet)
-		if not value: return default
-		else: return makedict(value)
+		if value: return makedict(value)
+		else: return default
 	def set(self, facet, value):
 		"""Set values."""
-		if type(value) is long: value = repr(value).rstrip("L")
+		if not self.has_facet(facet) or not self.get(facet) == value:
+			if type(value) is long: value = str(value)
+			elif not type(value) is str: value = repr(value)
+			self.origin.data.set(self.key, facet, value)
+			self.origin.modified = True
+	def append(self, facet, value):
+		"""Append value tp a list."""
+		if type(value) is long: value = str(value)
 		elif not type(value) is str: value = repr(value)
-		universe.files[self.origin].data.set(self.key, facet, value)
+		newlist = self.getlist(facet)
+		newlist.append(value)
+		self.set(facet, newlist)
+
+	def new_event(self, action, when=None):
+		"""Create, attach and enqueue an event element."""
+
+		# if when isn't specified, that means now
+		if not when: when = self.universe.get_time()
+
+		# events are elements themselves
+		event = Element("event:" + self.key + ":" + counter)
+
+	def send(self, message, eol="$(eol)"):
+		"""Convenience method to pass messages to an owner."""
+		if self.owner: self.owner.send(message, eol)
+
+	def can_run(self, command):
+		"""Check if the user can run this command object."""
+
+		# has to be in the commands category
+		if command not in self.universe.categories["command"].values(): result = False
+
+		# avatars of administrators can run any command
+		elif self.owner and self.owner.account.getboolean("administrator"): result = True
+
+		# everyone can run non-administrative commands
+		elif not command.getboolean("administrative"): result = True
+
+		# otherwise the command cannot be run by this actor
+		else: result = False
+
+		# pass back the result
+		return result
+
+	def update_location(self):
+		"""Make sure the location's contents contain this element."""
+		location = self.get("location")
+		if location in self.universe.contents:
+			self.universe.contents[location].contents[self.key] = self
+	def clean_contents(self):
+		"""Make sure the element's contents aren't bogus."""
+		for element in self.contents.values():
+			if element.get("location") != self.key:
+				del self.contents[element.key]
+	def go_to(self, location):
+		"""Relocate the element to a specific location."""
+		current = self.get("location")
+		if current and self.key in self.universe.contents[current].contents:
+			del universe.contents[current].contents[self.key]
+		if location in self.universe.contents: self.set("location", location)
+		self.universe.contents[location].contents[self.key] = self
+		self.look_at(location)
+	def go_home(self):
+		"""Relocate the element to its default location."""
+		self.go_to(self.get("default_location"))
+		self.echo_to_location("You suddenly realize that " + self.get("name") + " is here.")
+	def move_direction(self, direction):
+		"""Relocate the element in a specified direction."""
+		self.echo_to_location(self.get("name") + " exits " + self.universe.categories["internal"]["directions"].getdict(direction)["exit"] + ".")
+		self.send("You exit " + self.universe.categories["internal"]["directions"].getdict(direction)["exit"] + ".")
+		self.go_to(self.universe.contents[self.get("location")].link_neighbor(direction))
+		self.echo_to_location(self.get("name") + " arrives from " + self.universe.categories["internal"]["directions"].getdict(direction)["enter"] + ".")
+	def look_at(self, key):
+		"""Show an element to another element."""
+		if self.owner:
+			element = self.universe.contents[key]
+			message = ""
+			name = element.get("name")
+			if name: message += "$(cyn)" + name + "$(nrm)$(eol)"
+			description = element.get("description")
+			if description: message += description + "$(eol)"
+			portal_list = element.portals().keys()
+			if portal_list:
+				portal_list.sort()
+				message += "$(cyn)[ Exits: " + ", ".join(portal_list) + " ]$(nrm)$(eol)"
+			for element in self.universe.contents[self.get("location")].contents.values():
+				if element.getboolean("is_actor") and element is not self:
+					message += "$(yel)" + element.get("name") + " is here.$(nrm)$(eol)"
+				elif element is not self:
+					message += "$(grn)" + element.get("impression") + "$(nrm)$(eol)"
+			self.send(message)
+	def portals(self):
+		"""Map the portal directions for a room to neighbors."""
+		portals = {}
+		if match("""^location:-?\d+,-?\d+,-?\d+$""", self.key):
+			coordinates = [(int(x)) for x in self.key.split(":")[1].split(",")]
+			directions = self.universe.categories["internal"]["directions"]
+			offsets = dict([(x, directions.getdict(x)["vector"]) for x in directions.facets()])
+			for portal in self.getlist("gridlinks"):
+				adjacent = map(lambda c,o: c+o, coordinates, offsets[portal])
+				neighbor = "location:" + ",".join([(str(x)) for x in adjacent])
+				if neighbor in self.universe.contents: portals[portal] = neighbor
+		for facet in self.facets():
+			if facet.startswith("link_"):
+				neighbor = self.get(facet)
+				if neighbor in self.universe.contents:
+					portal = facet.split("_")[1]
+					portals[portal] = neighbor
+		return portals
+	def link_neighbor(self, direction):
+		"""Return the element linked in a given direction."""
+		portals = self.portals()
+		if direction in portals: return portals[direction]
+	def echo_to_location(self, message):
+		"""Show a message to other elements in the current location."""
+		for element in self.universe.contents[self.get("location")].contents.values():
+			if element is not self: element.send(message)
 
 class DataFile:
 	"""A file containing universe elements."""
 	def __init__(self, filename, universe):
-		self.data = RawConfigParser()
-		if access(filename, R_OK): self.data.read(filename)
 		self.filename = filename
-		universe.files[filename] = self
-		if self.data.has_option("control", "include_files"):
-			includes = makelist(self.data.get("control", "include_files"))
+		self.universe = universe
+		self.load()
+	def load(self):
+		"""Read a file and create elements accordingly."""
+		self.modified = False
+		self.data = RawConfigParser()
+		if access(self.filename, R_OK): self.data.read(self.filename)
+		if not hasattr(self.universe, "files"): self.universe.files = {}
+		self.universe.files[self.filename] = self
+		if self.data.has_option("__control__", "include_files"):
+			includes = makelist(self.data.get("__control__", "include_files"))
 		else: includes = []
-		if self.data.has_option("control", "default_files"):
-			origins = makedict(self.data.get("control", "default_files"))
+		if self.data.has_option("__control__", "default_files"):
+			origins = makedict(self.data.get("__control__", "default_files"))
 			for key in origins.keys():
 				if not key in includes: includes.append(key)
-				universe.default_origins[key] = origins[key]
-				if not key in universe.categories:
-					universe.categories[key] = {}
-		if self.data.has_option("control", "private_files"):
-			for item in makelist(self.data.get("control", "private_files")):
+				self.universe.default_origins[key] = origins[key]
+				if not key in self.universe.categories:
+					self.universe.categories[key] = {}
+		if self.data.has_option("__control__", "private_files"):
+			for item in makelist(self.data.get("__control__", "private_files")):
 				if not item in includes: includes.append(item)
-				if not item in universe.private_files:
+				if not item in self.universe.private_files:
 					if not isabs(item):
-						item = path_join(dirname(filename), item)
-					universe.private_files.append(item)
+						item = path_join(dirname(self.filename), item)
+					self.universe.private_files.append(item)
 		for section in self.data.sections():
-			if section != "control":
-				Element(section, universe, filename)
+			if section != "__control__":
+				Element(section, self.universe, self.filename)
 		for include_file in includes:
 			if not isabs(include_file):
-				include_file = path_join(dirname(filename), include_file)
-			DataFile(include_file, universe)
+				include_file = path_join(dirname(self.filename), include_file)
+			if include_file not in self.universe.files or not self.universe.files[include_file].is_writeable():
+				DataFile(include_file, self.universe)
 	def save(self):
-		if self.data.sections() and ( not self.data.has_option("control", "read_only") or not self.data.getboolean("control", "read_only") ):
-			if not exists(dirname(self.filename)): makedirs(dirname)
+		"""Write the data, if necessary."""
+
+		# when modified, writeable and has content or the file exists
+		if self.modified and self.is_writeable() and ( self.data.sections() or exists(self.filename) ):
+
+			# make parent directories if necessary
+			if not exists(dirname(self.filename)):
+				makedirs(dirname(self.filename))
+
+			# our data file
 			file_descriptor = file(self.filename, "w")
-			if self.filename in universe.private_files and oct(S_IMODE(stat(self.filename)[ST_MODE])) != 0600:
+
+			# if it's marked private, chmod it appropriately
+			if self.filename in self.universe.private_files and oct(S_IMODE(stat(self.filename)[ST_MODE])) != 0600:
 				chmod(self.filename, 0600)
-			self.data.write(file_descriptor)
+
+			# write it back sorted, instead of using ConfigParser
+			sections = self.data.sections()
+			sections.sort()
+			for section in sections:
+				file_descriptor.write("[" + section + "]\n")
+				options = self.data.options(section)
+				options.sort()
+				for option in options:
+					file_descriptor.write(option + " = " + self.data.get(section, option) + "\n")
+				file_descriptor.write("\n")
+
+			# flush and close the file
 			file_descriptor.flush()
 			file_descriptor.close()
 
+			# unset the modified flag
+			self.modified = False
+	def is_writeable(self):
+		"""Returns True if the __control__ read_only is False."""
+		return not self.data.has_option("__control__", "read_only") or not self.data.getboolean("__control__", "read_only")
+
 class Universe:
 	"""The universe."""
+
 	def __init__(self, filename=""):
 		"""Initialize the universe."""
 		self.categories = {}
 		self.contents = {}
 		self.default_origins = {}
-		self.files = {}
 		self.private_files = []
+		self.loglines = []
+		self.pending_events_long = {}
+		self.pending_events_short = {}
 		self.userlist = []
 		self.terminate_world = False
 		self.reload_modules = False
@@ -148,7 +430,46 @@ class Universe:
 				if access(filename, R_OK): break
 		if not isabs(filename):
 			filename = abspath(filename)
-		DataFile(filename, self)
+		self.filename = filename
+		self.load()
+
+	def load(self):
+		"""Load universe data from persistent storage."""
+
+		# the files dict must exist and filename needs to be read-only
+		if not hasattr(self, "files") or not ( self.filename in self.files and self.files[self.filename].is_writeable() ):
+
+			# clear out all read-only files
+			if hasattr(self, "files"):
+				for data_filename in self.files.keys():
+					if not self.files[data_filename].is_writeable():
+						del self.files[data_filename]
+
+			# start loading from the initial file
+			DataFile(self.filename, self)
+
+		# make a list of inactive avatars
+		inactive_avatars = []
+		for account in self.categories["account"].values():
+			inactive_avatars += [ (self.contents[x]) for x in account.getlist("avatars") ]
+		for user in self.userlist:
+			if user.avatar in inactive_avatars:
+				inactive_avatars.remove(user.avatar)
+
+		# go through all elements to clear out inactive avatar locations
+		for element in self.contents.values():
+			location = element.get("location")
+			if element in inactive_avatars and location:
+				if location in self.contents and element.key in self.contents[location].contents:
+					del self.contents[location].contents[element.key]
+				element.set("default_location", location)
+				element.remove_facet("location")
+
+		# another pass to straighten out all the element contents
+		for element in self.contents.values():
+			element.update_location()
+			element.clean_contents()
+
 	def save(self):
 		"""Save the universe to persistent storage."""
 		for key in self.files: self.files[key].save()
@@ -165,7 +486,9 @@ class Universe:
 		self.listening_socket.setsockopt(SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
 
 		# bind the socket to to our desired server ipa and port
-		self.listening_socket.bind((self.categories["internal"]["network"].get("host"), self.categories["internal"]["network"].getint("port")))
+		host = self.categories["internal"]["network"].get("host")
+		port = self.categories["internal"]["network"].getint("port")
+		self.listening_socket.bind((host, port))
 
 		# disable blocking so we can proceed whether or not we can
 		# send/receive
@@ -175,27 +498,36 @@ class Universe:
 		self.listening_socket.listen(1)
 
 		# note that we're now ready for user connections
-		log("Waiting for connection(s)...")
+		if not host: host = "0.0.0.0"
+		log("Listening for Telnet connections on: " + host + ":" + str(port))
+
+	def get_time(self):
+		"""Convenience method to get the elapsed time counter."""
+		return self.categories["internal"]["counters"].getint("elapsed")
 
 class User:
 	"""This is a connected user."""
 
 	def __init__(self):
 		"""Default values for the in-memory user variables."""
+		self.account = None
 		self.address = ""
-		self.last_address = ""
-		self.connection = None
 		self.authenticated = False
-		self.password_tries = 0
-		self.state = "entering_account_name"
-		self.menu_seen = False
+		self.avatar = None
+		self.connection = None
+		self.echoing = True
 		self.error = ""
 		self.input_queue = []
+		self.last_address = ""
+		self.menu_choices = {}
+		self.menu_seen = False
+		self.negotiation_pause = 0
 		self.output_queue = []
 		self.partial_input = ""
-		self.echoing = True
-		self.avatar = None
-		self.account = None
+		self.password_tries = 0
+		self.received_newline = True
+		self.state = "initial"
+		self.terminator = IAC+GA
 
 	def quit(self):
 		"""Log, close the connection and remove."""
@@ -204,7 +536,8 @@ class User:
 		if name: message = "User " + name
 		else: message = "An unnamed user"
 		message += " logged out."
-		log(message)
+		log(message, 2)
+		self.deactivate_avatar()
 		self.connection.close()
 		self.remove()
 
@@ -217,25 +550,13 @@ class User:
 		# create a new user object
 		new_user = User()
 
-		# set everything else equivalent
-		for attribute in [
-			"address",
-			"last_address",
-			"connection",
-			"authenticated",
-			"password_tries",
-			"state",
-			"menu_seen",
-			"error",
-			"input_queue",
-			"output_queue",
-			"partial_input",
-			"echoing",
-			"avatar",
-			"account"
-			]:
+		# set everything equivalent
+		for attribute in vars(self).keys():
 			exec("new_user." + attribute + " = self." + attribute)
 
+		# the avatar needs a new owner
+		if new_user.avatar: new_user.avatar.owner = new_user
+
 		# add it to the list
 		universe.userlist.append(new_user)
 
@@ -255,18 +576,21 @@ class User:
 			if old_user.account.get("name") == self.account.get("name") and old_user is not self:
 
 				# make a note of it
-				log("User " + self.account.get("name") + " reconnected--closing old connection to " + old_user.address + ".")
-				old_user.send("$(eol)$(red)New connection from " + self.address + ". Terminating old connection...$(nrm)$(eol)")
-				self.send("$(eol)$(red)Taking over old connection from " + old_user.address + ".$(nrm)")
+				log("User " + self.account.get("name") + " reconnected--closing old connection to " + old_user.address + ".", 2)
+				old_user.send("$(eol)$(red)New connection from " + self.address + ". Terminating old connection...$(nrm)$(eol)", flush=True, add_prompt=False)
 
 				# close the old connection
 				old_user.connection.close()
 
 				# replace the old connection with this one
+				old_user.send("$(eol)$(red)Taking over old connection from " + old_user.address + ".$(nrm)")
 				old_user.connection = self.connection
 				old_user.last_address = old_user.address
 				old_user.address = self.address
-				old_user.echoing = self.echoing
+
+				# may need to tell the new connection to echo
+				if old_user.echoing:
+					old_user.send(get_echo_sequence(old_user.state, self.echoing), raw=True)
 
 				# take this one out of the list and delete
 				self.remove()
@@ -280,14 +604,16 @@ class User:
 	def authenticate(self):
 		"""Flag the user as authenticated and disconnect duplicates."""
 		if not self.state is "authenticated":
-			log("User " + self.account.get("name") + " logged in.")
+			log("User " + self.account.get("name") + " logged in.", 2)
 			self.authenticated = True
+			if self.account.subkey in universe.categories["internal"]["limits"].getlist("default_admins"):
+				self.account.set("administrator", "True")
 
 	def show_menu(self):
 		"""Send the user their current menu."""
 		if not self.menu_seen:
 			self.menu_choices = get_menu_choices(self)
-			self.send(get_menu(self.state, self.error, self.echoing, self.menu_choices), "")
+			self.send(get_menu(self.state, self.error, self.echoing, self.terminator, self.menu_choices), "")
 			self.menu_seen = True
 			self.error = False
 			self.adjust_echoing()
@@ -301,37 +627,47 @@ class User:
 		"""Remove a user from the list of connected users."""
 		universe.userlist.remove(self)
 
-	def send(self, output, eol="$(eol)"):
+	def send(self, output, eol="$(eol)", raw=False, flush=False, add_prompt=True, just_prompt=False):
 		"""Send arbitrary text to a connected user."""
 
-		# only when there is actual output
-		#if output:
+		# unless raw mode is on, clean it up all nice and pretty
+		if not raw:
 
-		# start with a newline, append the message, then end
-		# with the optional eol string passed to this function
-		# and the ansi escape to return to normal text
-		output = "\r\n" + output + eol + chr(27) + "[0m"
+			# strip extra $(eol) off if present
+			while output.startswith("$(eol)"): output = output[6:]
+			while output.endswith("$(eol)"): output = output[:-6]
 
-		# find and replace macros in the output
-		output = replace_macros(self, output)
+			# we'll take out GA or EOR and add them back on the end
+			if output.endswith(IAC+GA) or output.endswith(IAC+EOR):
+				terminate = True
+				output = output[:-2]
+			else: terminate = False
 
-		# wrap the text at 80 characters
-		# TODO: prompt user for preferred wrap width
-		output = wrap_ansi_text(output, 80)
+			# start with a newline, append the message, then end
+			# with the optional eol string passed to this function
+			# and the ansi escape to return to normal text
+			if not just_prompt: output = "$(eol)$(eol)" + output
+			output += eol + chr(27) + "[0m"
 
-		# drop the formatted output into the output queue
-		self.output_queue.append(output)
+			# tack on a prompt if active
+			if self.state == "active":
+				if not just_prompt: output += "$(eol)"
+				if add_prompt: output += "> "
 
-		# try to send the last item in the queue, remove it and
-		# flag that menu display is not needed
-		try:
-			self.connection.send(self.output_queue[0])
-			self.output_queue.remove(self.output_queue[0])
-			self.menu_seen = False
+			# find and replace macros in the output
+			output = replace_macros(self, output)
 
-		# but if we can't, that's okay too
-		except:
-			pass
+			# wrap the text at 80 characters
+			output = wrap_ansi_text(output, 80)
+
+			# tack the terminator back on
+			if terminate: output += self.terminator
+
+		# drop the output into the user's output queue
+		self.output_queue.append(output)
+
+		# if this is urgent, flush all pending output
+		if flush: self.flush()
 
 	def pulse(self):
 		"""All the things to do to the user per increment."""
@@ -341,21 +677,39 @@ class User:
 			self.state = "disconnecting"
 			self.menu_seen = False
 
+		# if output is paused, decrement the counter
+		if self.state == "initial":
+			if self.negotiation_pause: self.negotiation_pause -= 1
+			else: self.state = "entering_account_name"
+
 		# show the user a menu as needed
-		self.show_menu()
+		elif not self.state == "active": self.show_menu()
+
+		# flush any pending output in teh queue
+		self.flush()
 
 		# disconnect users with the appropriate state
-		if self.state == "disconnecting":
-			self.quit()
+		if self.state == "disconnecting": self.quit()
 
-		# the user is unique and not flagged to disconnect
-		else:
-		
-			# check for input and add it to the queue
-			self.enqueue_input()
+		# check for input and add it to the queue
+		self.enqueue_input()
+
+		# there is input waiting in the queue
+		if self.input_queue: handle_user_input(self)
+
+	def flush(self):
+		"""Try to send the last item in the queue and remove it."""
+		if self.output_queue:
+			if self.received_newline:
+				self.received_newline = False
+				if self.output_queue[0].startswith("\r\n"):
+					self.output_queue[0] = self.output_queue[0][2:]
+			try:
+				self.connection.send(self.output_queue[0])
+				del self.output_queue[0]
+			except:
+				pass
 
-			# there is input waiting in the queue
-			if self.input_queue: handle_user_input(self)
 
 	def enqueue_input(self):
 		"""Process and enqueue any new input."""
@@ -372,6 +726,9 @@ class User:
 			# tack this on to any previous partial
 			self.partial_input += input_data
 
+			# reply to and remove any IAC negotiation codes
+			self.negotiate_telnet_options()
+
 			# separate multiple input lines
 			new_input_lines = self.partial_input.split("\n")
 
@@ -389,8 +746,20 @@ class User:
 			# iterate over the remaining lines
 			for line in new_input_lines:
 
+				# remove a trailing carriage return
+				if line.endswith("\r"): line = line.rstrip("\r")
+
+				# log non-printable characters remaining
+				removed = filter(lambda x: (x < " " or x > "~"), line)
+				if removed:
+					logline = "Non-printable characters from "
+					if self.account and self.account.get("name"): logline += self.account.get("name") + ": "
+					else: logline += "unknown user: "
+					logline += repr(removed)
+					log(logline, 4)
+
 				# filter out non-printables
-				line = filter(lambda x: x>=' ' and x<='~', line)
+				line = filter(lambda x: " " <= x <= "~", line)
 
 				# strip off extra whitespace
 				line = line.strip()
@@ -398,23 +767,131 @@ class User:
 				# put on the end of the queue
 				self.input_queue.append(line)
 
+	def negotiate_telnet_options(self):
+		"""Reply to/remove partial_input telnet negotiation options."""
+
+		# start at the begining of the input
+		position = 0
+
+		# make a local copy to play with
+		text = self.partial_input
+
+		# as long as we haven't checked it all
+		while position < len(text):
+
+			# jump to the first IAC you find
+			position = text.find(IAC, position)
+
+			# if there wasn't an IAC in the input, skip to the end
+			if position < 0: position = len(text)
+
+			# replace a double (literal) IAC if there's an LF later
+			elif len(text) > position+1 and text[position+1] == IAC:
+				if text.find("\n", position) > 0: text = text.replace(IAC+IAC, IAC)
+				else: position += 1
+				position += 1
+
+			# this must be an option negotiation
+			elif len(text) > position+2 and text[position+1] in (DO, DONT, WILL, WONT):
+
+				negotiation = text[position+1:position+3]
+
+				# if we turned echo off, ignore the confirmation
+				if not self.echoing and negotiation == DO+ECHO: pass
+
+				# allow LINEMODE
+				elif negotiation == WILL+LINEMODE: self.send(IAC+DO+LINEMODE, raw=True)
+
+				# if the client likes EOR instead of GA, make a note of it
+				elif negotiation == DO+EOR: self.terminator = IAC+EOR
+				elif negotiation == DONT+EOR and self.terminator == IAC+EOR:
+					self.terminator = IAC+GA
+
+				# if the client doesn't want GA, oblige
+				elif negotiation == DO+SGA and self.terminator == IAC+GA:
+					self.terminator = ""
+					self.send(IAC+WILL+SGA, raw=True)
+
+				# we don't want to allow anything else
+				elif text[position+1] == DO: self.send(IAC+WONT+text[position+2], raw=True)
+				elif text[position+1] == WILL: self.send(IAC+DONT+text[position+2], raw=True)
+
+				# strip the negotiation from the input
+				text = text.replace(text[position:position+3], "")
+
+			# get rid of IAC SB .* IAC SE
+			elif len(text) > position+4 and text[position:position+2] == IAC+SB:
+				end_subnegotiation = text.find(IAC+SE, position)
+				if end_subnegotiation > 0: text = text[:position] + text[end_subnegotiation+2:]
+				else: position += 1
+
+			# otherwise, strip out a two-byte IAC command
+			elif len(text) > position+2: text = text.replace(text[position:position+2], "")
+
+			# and this means we got the begining of an IAC
+			else: position += 1
+
+		# replace the input with our cleaned-up text
+		self.partial_input = text
+
 	def new_avatar(self):
 		"""Instantiate a new, unconfigured avatar for this user."""
-		counter = universe.categories["internal"]["counters"].getint("next_avatar")
-		while "avatar:" + repr(counter + 1) in universe.categories["actor"].keys(): counter += 1
-		universe.categories["internal"]["counters"].set("next_avatar", counter + 1)
-		self.avatar = Element("actor:avatar:" + repr(counter), universe)
+		counter = 0
+		while "avatar:" + self.account.get("name") + ":" + str(counter) in universe.categories["actor"].keys(): counter += 1
+		self.avatar = Element("actor:avatar:" + self.account.get("name") + ":" + str(counter), universe)
+		self.avatar.append("inherit", "archetype:avatar")
+		self.account.append("avatars", self.avatar.key)
+
+	def delete_avatar(self, avatar):
+		"""Remove an avatar from the world and from the user's list."""
+		if self.avatar is universe.contents[avatar]: self.avatar = None
+		universe.contents[avatar].destroy()
 		avatars = self.account.getlist("avatars")
-		avatars.append(self.avatar.key)
+		avatars.remove(avatar)
 		self.account.set("avatars", avatars)
 
+	def activate_avatar_by_index(self, index):
+		"""Enter the world with a particular indexed avatar."""
+		self.avatar = universe.contents[self.account.getlist("avatars")[index]]
+		self.avatar.owner = self
+		self.state = "active"
+		self.avatar.go_home()
+
+	def deactivate_avatar(self):
+		"""Have the active avatar leave the world."""
+		if self.avatar:
+			current = self.avatar.get("location")
+			self.avatar.set("default_location", current)
+			self.avatar.echo_to_location("You suddenly wonder where " + self.avatar.get("name") + " went.")
+			del universe.contents[current].contents[self.avatar.key]
+			self.avatar.remove_facet("location")
+			self.avatar.owner = None
+			self.avatar = None
+
+	def destroy(self):
+		"""Destroy the user and associated avatars."""
+		for avatar in self.account.getlist("avatars"): self.delete_avatar(avatar)
+		self.account.destroy()
+
 	def list_avatar_names(self):
-		"""A test function to list names of assigned avatars."""
-		avatars = self.account.getlist("avatars")
-		avatar_names = []
-		for avatar in avatars:
-			avatar_names.append(universe.contents[avatar].get("name"))
-		return avatar_names
+		"""List names of assigned avatars."""
+		return [ universe.contents[avatar].get("name") for avatar in self.account.getlist("avatars") ]
+
+def create_pidfile(universe):
+	"""Write a file containing the current process ID."""
+	pid = str(getpid())
+	log("Process ID: " + pid)
+	file_name = universe.contents["internal:process"].get("pidfile")
+	if file_name:
+		file_descriptor = file(file_name, 'w')
+		file_descriptor.write(pid + "\n")
+		file_descriptor.flush()
+		file_descriptor.close()
+
+def remove_pidfile(universe):
+	"""Remove the file containing the current process ID."""
+	file_name = universe.contents["internal:process"].get("pidfile")
+	if file_name and access(file_name, W_OK): remove(file_name)
 
 def makelist(value):
 	"""Turn string into list type."""
@@ -427,18 +904,94 @@ def makedict(value):
 	elif value.find(":") > 0: return eval("{" + value + "}")
 	else: return { value: None }
 
-def broadcast(message):
+def broadcast(message, add_prompt=True):
 	"""Send a message to all connected users."""
-	for each_user in universe.userlist: each_user.send("$(eol)" + message)
+	for each_user in universe.userlist: each_user.send("$(eol)" + message, add_prompt=add_prompt)
 
-def log(message):
+def log(message, level=0):
 	"""Log a message."""
 
-	# the time in posix log timestamp format
+	# a couple references we need
+	file_name = universe.categories["internal"]["logging"].get("file")
+	max_log_lines = universe.categories["internal"]["logging"].getint("max_log_lines")
+	syslog_name = universe.categories["internal"]["logging"].get("syslog")
 	timestamp = asctime()[4:19]
 
-	# send the timestamp and message to standard output
-	print(timestamp + " " + message)
+	# turn the message into a list of lines
+	lines = filter(lambda x: x!="", [(x.rstrip()) for x in message.split("\n")])
+
+	# send the timestamp and line to a file
+	if file_name:
+		file_descriptor = file(file_name, "a")
+		for line in lines: file_descriptor.write(timestamp + " " + line + "\n")
+		file_descriptor.flush()
+		file_descriptor.close()
+
+	# send the timestamp and line to standard output
+	if universe.categories["internal"]["logging"].getboolean("stdout"):
+		for line in lines: print(timestamp + " " + line)
+
+	# send the line to the system log
+	if syslog_name:
+		openlog(syslog_name, LOG_PID, LOG_INFO | LOG_DAEMON)
+		for line in lines: syslog(line)
+		closelog()
+
+	# display to connected administrators
+	for user in universe.userlist:
+		if user.state == "active" and user.account.getboolean("administrator") and user.account.getint("loglevel") <= level:
+			# iterate over every line in the message
+			full_message = ""
+			for line in lines:
+				full_message += "$(bld)$(red)" + timestamp + " " + line + "$(nrm)$(eol)"
+			user.send(full_message, flush=True)
+
+	# add to the recent log list
+	for line in lines:
+		while 0 < len(universe.loglines) >= max_log_lines: del universe.loglines[0]
+		universe.loglines.append((level, timestamp + " " + line))
+
+def get_loglines(level, start, stop):
+	"""Return a specific range of loglines filtered by level."""
+
+	# filter the log lines
+	loglines = filter(lambda x: x[0]>=level, universe.loglines)
+
+	# we need these in several places
+	total_count = str(len(universe.loglines))
+	filtered_count = len(loglines)
+
+	# don't proceed if there are no lines
+	if filtered_count:
+
+		# can't start before the begining or at the end
+		if start > filtered_count: start = filtered_count
+		if start < 1: start = 1
+
+		# can't stop before we start
+		if stop > start: stop = start
+		elif stop < 1: stop = 1
+
+		# some preamble
+		message = "There are " + str(total_count)
+		message += " log lines in memory and " + str(filtered_count)
+		message += " at or above level " + str(level) + "."
+		message += " The lines from " + str(stop) + " to " + str(start)
+		message += " are:$(eol)$(eol)"
+
+		# add the text from the selected lines
+		if stop > 1: range_lines = loglines[-start:-(stop-1)]
+		else: range_lines = loglines[-start:]
+		for line in range_lines:
+			message += "   (" + str(line[0]) + ") " + line[1] + "$(eol)"
+
+	# there were no lines
+	else:
+		message = "None of the " + str(total_count)
+		message += " lines in memory matches your request."
+
+	# pass it back
+	return message
 
 def wrap_ansi_text(text, width):
 	"""Wrap text with arbitrary width while ignoring ANSI colors."""
@@ -567,8 +1120,12 @@ def replace_macros(user, text, is_input=False):
 			"$(bld)": chr(27) + "[1m",
 			"$(nrm)": chr(27) + "[0m",
 			"$(blk)": chr(27) + "[30m",
+			"$(blu)": chr(27) + "[34m",
+			"$(cyn)": chr(27) + "[36m",
 			"$(grn)": chr(27) + "[32m",
+			"$(mgt)": chr(27) + "[35m",
 			"$(red)": chr(27) + "[31m",
+			"$(yel)": chr(27) + "[33m",
 			}
 
 		# add dynamic macros where possible
@@ -595,13 +1152,17 @@ def replace_macros(user, text, is_input=False):
 		else:
 			text = text.replace(macro, "")
 			if not is_input:
-				log("Unexpected replacement macro " + macro + " encountered.")
+				log("Unexpected replacement macro " + macro + " encountered.", 6)
 
 	# replace the look-like-a-macro sequence
 	text = text.replace("$_(", "$(")
 
 	return text
 
+def escape_macros(text):
+	"""Escapes replacement macros in text."""
+	return text.replace("$(", "$_(")
+
 def check_time(frequency):
 	"""Check for a factor of the current increment count."""
 	if type(frequency) is str:
@@ -626,7 +1187,7 @@ def on_pulse():
 
 	# update the log every now and then
 	if check_time("frequency_log"):
-		log(repr(len(universe.userlist)) + " connection(s)")
+		log(str(len(universe.userlist)) + " connection(s)")
 
 	# periodically save everything
 	if check_time("frequency_save"):
@@ -635,12 +1196,15 @@ def on_pulse():
 	# pause for a configurable amount of time (decimal seconds)
 	sleep(universe.categories["internal"]["time"].getfloat("increment"))
 
-	# increment the elapsed increment counter
+	# increase the elapsed increment counter
 	universe.categories["internal"]["counters"].set("elapsed", universe.categories["internal"]["counters"].getint("elapsed") + 1)
 
 def reload_data():
-	"""Reload data into new persistent objects."""
+	"""Reload all relevant objects."""
 	for user in universe.userlist[:]: user.reload()
+	for element in universe.contents.values():
+		if element.origin.is_writeable(): element.reload()
+	universe.load()
 
 def check_for_connection(listening_socket):
 	"""Check for a waiting connection and return a new user object."""
@@ -652,7 +1216,7 @@ def check_for_connection(listening_socket):
 		return None
 
 	# note that we got one
-	log("Connection from " + address[0])
+	log("Connection from " + address[0], 2)
 
 	# disable blocking so we can proceed whether or not we can send/receive
 	connection.setblocking(0)
@@ -666,12 +1230,19 @@ def check_for_connection(listening_socket):
 	# set the user's ipa from the connection's ipa
 	user.address = address[0]
 
+	# let the client know we WILL EOR
+	user.send(IAC+WILL+EOR, raw=True)
+	user.negotiation_pause = 2
+
 	# return the new user object
 	return user
 
-def get_menu(state, error=None, echoing=True, choices={}):
+def get_menu(state, error=None, echoing=True, terminator="", choices=None):
 	"""Show the correct menu text to a user."""
 
+	# make sure we don't reuse a mutable sequence by default
+	if choices is None: choices = {}
+
 	# begin with a telnet echo command sequence if needed
 	message = get_echo_sequence(state, echoing)
 
@@ -690,6 +1261,9 @@ def get_menu(state, error=None, echoing=True, choices={}):
 	# display a message indicating if echo is off
 	message += get_echo_message(state)
 
+	# tack on EOR or GA to indicate the prompt will not be followed by CRLF
+	message += terminator
+
 	# return the assembly of various strings defined above
 	return message
 
@@ -698,15 +1272,15 @@ def menu_echo_on(state):
 	return universe.categories["menu"][state].getboolean("echo", True)
 
 def get_echo_sequence(state, echoing):
-	"""Build the appropriate IAC ECHO sequence as needed."""
+	"""Build the appropriate IAC WILL/WONT ECHO sequence as needed."""
 
 	# if the user has echo on and the menu specifies it should be turned
 	# off, send: iac + will + echo + null
-	if echoing and not menu_echo_on(state): return chr(255) + chr(251) + chr(1) + chr(0)
+	if echoing and not menu_echo_on(state): return IAC+WILL+ECHO
 
 	# if echo is not set to off in the menu and the user curently has echo
 	# off, send: iac + wont + echo + null
-	elif not echoing and menu_echo_on(state): return chr(255) + chr(252) + chr(1) + chr(0)
+	elif not echoing and menu_echo_on(state): return IAC+WONT+ECHO
 
 	# default is not to send an echo control sequence at all
 	else: return ""
@@ -722,8 +1296,8 @@ def get_default_menu_choice(state):
 
 def get_formatted_default_menu_choice(state):
 	"""Default menu choice foratted for inclusion in a prompt string."""
-	default = get_default_menu_choice(state)
-	if default: return "[$(red)" + default + "$(nrm)] "
+	default_choice = get_default_menu_choice(state)
+	if default_choice: return "[$(red)" + default_choice + "$(nrm)] "
 	else: return ""
 
 def get_menu_description(state, error):
@@ -756,23 +1330,26 @@ def get_menu_prompt(state):
 
 def get_menu_choices(user):
 	"""Return a dict of choice:meaning."""
-	choices = {}
+	menu = universe.categories["menu"][user.state]
+	create_choices = menu.get("create")
+	if create_choices: choices = eval(create_choices)
+	else: choices = {}
 	ignores = []
 	options = {}
 	creates = {}
-	for facet in universe.categories["menu"][user.state].facets():
+	for facet in menu.facets():
 		if facet.startswith("demand_") and not eval(universe.categories["menu"][user.state].get(facet)):
 			ignores.append(facet.split("_", 2)[1])
-		elif facet.startswith("choice_"):
-			options[facet] = facet.split("_", 2)[1]
 		elif facet.startswith("create_"):
 			creates[facet] = facet.split("_", 2)[1]
-	for facet in options.keys():
-		if not options[facet] in ignores:
-			choices[options[facet]] = universe.categories["menu"][user.state].get(facet)
+		elif facet.startswith("choice_"):
+			options[facet] = facet.split("_", 2)[1]
 	for facet in creates.keys():
 		if not creates[facet] in ignores:
-			choices[creates[facet]] = eval(universe.categories["menu"][user.state].get(facet))
+			choices[creates[facet]] = eval(menu.get(facet))
+	for facet in options.keys():
+		if not options[facet] in ignores:
+			choices[options[facet]] = menu.get(facet)
 	return choices
 
 def get_formatted_menu_choices(state, choices):
@@ -800,7 +1377,6 @@ def get_default_branch(state):
 def get_choice_branch(user, choice):
 	"""Returns the new state matching the given choice."""
 	branches = get_menu_branches(user.state)
-	if not choice: choice = get_default_menu_choice(user.state)
 	if choice in branches.keys(): return branches[choice]
 	elif choice in user.menu_choices.keys(): return get_default_branch(user.state)
 	else: return ""
@@ -820,7 +1396,6 @@ def get_default_action(state):
 def get_choice_action(user, choice):
 	"""Run any indicated script for the given choice."""
 	actions = get_menu_actions(user.state)
-	if not choice: choice = get_default_menu_choice(user.state)
 	if choice in actions.keys(): return actions[choice]
 	elif choice in user.menu_choices.keys(): return get_default_action(user.state)
 	else: return ""
@@ -838,7 +1413,7 @@ def handle_user_input(user):
 	user.menu_seen = False
 
 	# if the user's client echo is off, send a blank line for aesthetics
-	if not user.echoing: user.send("", "")
+	if user.echoing: user.received_newline = True
 
 def generic_menu_handler(user):
 	"""A generic menu choice handler."""
@@ -848,7 +1423,7 @@ def generic_menu_handler(user):
 		choice = user.input_queue.pop(0)
 		if choice: choice = choice.lower()
 	else: choice = ""
-
+	if not choice: choice = get_default_menu_choice(user.state)
 	if choice in user.menu_choices:
 		exec(get_choice_action(user, choice))
 		new_state = get_choice_branch(user, choice)
@@ -880,7 +1455,7 @@ def handler_entering_account_name(user):
 		else:
 			user.account = Element("account:" + name, universe)
 			user.account.set("name", name)
-			log("New user: " + name)
+			log("New user: " + name, 2)
 			user.state = "checking_new_account_name"
 
 	# if the user entered nothing for a name, then buhbye
@@ -933,7 +1508,7 @@ def handler_entering_new_password(user):
 	# too many tries, so adios
 	else:
 		user.send("$(eol)$(red)Too many failed password attempts...$(nrm)$(eol)")
-		user.account.delete()
+		user.account.destroy()
 		user.state = "disconnecting"
 
 def handler_verifying_new_password(user):
@@ -959,7 +1534,7 @@ def handler_verifying_new_password(user):
 	# otherwise, sayonara
 	else:
 		user.send("$(eol)$(red)Too many failed password attempts...$(nrm)$(eol)")
-		user.account.delete()
+		user.account.destroy()
 		user.state = "disconnecting"
 
 def handler_active(user):
@@ -968,68 +1543,90 @@ def handler_active(user):
 	# get the next waiting line of input
 	input_data = user.input_queue.pop(0)
 
-	# split out the command (first word) and parameters (everything else)
-	if input_data.find(" ") > 0:
-		command, parameters = input_data.split(" ", 1)
-	else:
-		command = input_data
-		parameters = ""
+	# is there input?
+	if input_data:
+
+		# split out the command (first word) and parameters (everything else)
+		if input_data.find(" ") > 0:
+			command_name, parameters = input_data.split(" ", 1)
+		else:
+			command_name = input_data
+			parameters = ""
+
+		# lowercase the command
+		command_name = command_name.lower()
 
-	# lowercase the command
-	command = command.lower()
+		# the command matches a command word for which we have data
+		if command_name in universe.categories["command"]:
+			command = universe.categories["command"][command_name]
+		else: command = None
 
-	# the command matches a command word for which we have data
-	if command in universe.categories["command"]:
-		exec(universe.categories["command"][command].get("action"))
+		# if it's allowed, do it
+		actor = user.avatar
+		if actor.can_run(command): exec(command.get("action"))
 
-	# no data matching the entered command word
-	elif command: command_error(user, command, parameters)
+		# otherwise, give an error
+		elif command_name: command_error(actor, input_data)
 
-def command_halt(user, command="", parameters=""):
+	# if no input, just idle back with a prompt
+	else: user.send("", just_prompt=True)
+	
+def command_halt(actor, parameters):
 	"""Halt the world."""
+	if actor.owner:
 
-	# see if there's a message or use a generic one
-	if parameters: message = "Halting: " + parameters
-	else: message = "User " + user.account.get("name") + " halted the world."
+		# see if there's a message or use a generic one
+		if parameters: message = "Halting: " + parameters
+		else: message = "User " + actor.owner.account.get("name") + " halted the world."
 
-	# let everyone know
-	broadcast(message)
-	log(message)
+		# let everyone know
+		broadcast(message, add_prompt=False)
+		log(message, 8)
 
-	# set a flag to terminate the world
-	universe.terminate_world = True
+		# set a flag to terminate the world
+		universe.terminate_world = True
 
-def command_reload(user, command="", parameters=""):
+def command_reload(actor):
 	"""Reload all code modules, configs and data."""
+	if actor.owner:
 
-	# let the user know and log
-	user.send("Reloading all code modules, configs and data.")
-	log("User " + user.account.get("name") + " reloaded the world.")
+		# let the user know and log
+		actor.send("Reloading all code modules, configs and data.")
+		log("User " + actor.owner.account.get("name") + " reloaded the world.", 8)
 
-	# set a flag to reload
-	universe.reload_modules = True
+		# set a flag to reload
+		universe.reload_modules = True
 
-def command_quit(user, command="", parameters=""):
-	"""Quit the world."""
-	user.state = "disconnecting"
+def command_quit(actor):
+	"""Leave the world and go back to the main menu."""
+	if actor.owner:
+		actor.owner.state = "main_utility"
+		actor.owner.deactivate_avatar()
 
-def command_help(user, command="", parameters=""):
+def command_help(actor, parameters):
 	"""List available commands and provide help for commands."""
 
 	# did the user ask for help on a specific command word?
-	if parameters:
+	if parameters and actor.owner:
 
 		# is the command word one for which we have data?
 		if parameters in universe.categories["command"]:
+			command = universe.categories["command"][parameters]
+		else: command = None
+
+		# only for allowed commands
+		if actor.can_run(command):
 
 			# add a description if provided
-			description = universe.categories["command"][parameters].get("description")
+			description = command.get("description")
 			if not description:
 				description = "(no short description provided)"
-			output = "$(grn)" + parameters + "$(nrm) - " + description + "$(eol)$(eol)"
+			if command.getboolean("administrative"): output = "$(red)"
+			else: output = "$(grn)"
+			output += parameters + "$(nrm) - " + description + "$(eol)$(eol)"
 
 			# add the help text if provided
-			help_text = universe.categories["command"][parameters].get("help")
+			help_text = command.get("help")
 			if not help_text:
 				help_text = "No help is provided for this command."
 			output += help_text
@@ -1046,28 +1643,44 @@ def command_help(user, command="", parameters=""):
 		sorted_commands = universe.categories["command"].keys()
 		sorted_commands.sort()
 		for item in sorted_commands:
-			description = universe.categories["command"][item].get("description")
-			if not description:
-				description = "(no short description provided)"
-			output += "   $(grn)" + item + "$(nrm) - " + description + "$(eol)"
+			command = universe.categories["command"][item]
+			if actor.can_run(command):
+				description = command.get("description")
+				if not description:
+					description = "(no short description provided)"
+				if command.getboolean("administrative"): output += "   $(red)"
+				else: output += "   $(grn)"
+				output += item + "$(nrm) - " + description + "$(eol)"
 		output += "$(eol)Enter \"help COMMAND\" for help on a command named \"COMMAND\"."
 
 	# send the accumulated output to the user
-	user.send(output)
+	actor.send(output)
+
+def command_move(actor, parameters):
+	"""Move the avatar in a given direction."""
+	if parameters in universe.contents[actor.get("location")].portals():
+		actor.move_direction(parameters)
+	else: actor.send("You cannot go that way.")
+
+def command_look(actor, parameters):
+	"""Look around."""
+	if parameters: actor.send("You can't look at or in anything yet.")
+	else: actor.look_at(actor.get("location"))
 
-def command_say(user, command="", parameters=""):
+def command_say(actor, parameters):
 	"""Speak to others in the same room."""
 
 	# check for replacement macros
-	if replace_macros(user, parameters, True) != parameters:
-		user.send("You cannot speak $_(replacement macros).")
+	if replace_macros(actor.owner, parameters, True) != parameters:
+		actor.send("You cannot speak $_(replacement macros).")
 
 	# the user entered a message
 	elif parameters:
 
 		# get rid of quote marks on the ends of the message and
 		# capitalize the first letter
-		message = parameters.strip("\"'`").capitalize()
+		message = parameters.strip("\"'`")
+		message = message[0].capitalize() + message[1:]
 
 		# a dictionary of punctuation:action pairs
 		actions = {}
@@ -1095,52 +1708,179 @@ def command_say(user, command="", parameters=""):
 			message = message.replace(" " + word + " ", " " + word.capitalize() + " ")
 
 		# tell the room
-		# TODO: we won't be using broadcast once there are actual rooms
-		broadcast(user.account.get("name") + " " + action + "s, \"" + message + "\"")
+		actor.echo_to_location(actor.get("name") + " " + action + "s, \"" + message + "\"")
+		actor.send("You " + action + ", \"" + message + "\"")
 
 	# there was no message
 	else:
-		user.send("What do you want to say?")
+		actor.send("What do you want to say?")
 
-def command_show(user, command="", parameters=""):
+def command_show(actor, parameters):
 	"""Show program data."""
-	if parameters == "avatars":
-		message = "These are the avatars managed by your account:$(eol)"
-		avatars = user.list_avatar_names()
-		avatars.sort()
-		for avatar in avatars: message += "$(eol)   $(grn)" + avatar + "$(nrm)"
-	elif parameters == "files":
-		message = "These are the current files containing the universe:$(eol)"
-		keys = universe.files.keys()
-		keys.sort()
-		for key in keys: message += "$(eol)   $(grn)" + key + "$(nrm)"
-	elif parameters == "universe":
-		message = "These are the current elements in the universe:$(eol)"
-		keys = universe.contents.keys()
-		keys.sort()
-		for key in keys: message += "$(eol)   $(grn)" + key + "$(nrm)"
-	elif parameters == "time":
+	message = ""
+	arguments = parameters.split()
+	if not parameters: message = "What do you want to show?"
+	elif arguments[0] == "time":
 		message = universe.categories["internal"]["counters"].get("elapsed") + " increments elapsed since the world was created."
-	elif parameters: message = "I don't know what \"" + parameters + "\" is."
-	else: message = "What do you want to show?"
-	user.send(message)
+	elif arguments[0] == "categories":
+		message = "These are the element categories:$(eol)"
+		categories = universe.categories.keys()
+		categories.sort()
+		for category in categories: message += "$(eol)   $(grn)" + category + "$(nrm)"
+	elif arguments[0] == "files":
+		message = "These are the current files containing the universe:$(eol)"
+		filenames = universe.files.keys()
+		filenames.sort()
+		for filename in filenames:
+			if universe.files[filename].is_writeable(): status = "rw"
+			else: status = "ro"
+			message += "$(eol)   $(red)(" + status + ") $(grn)" + filename + "$(nrm)"
+	elif arguments[0] == "category":
+		if len(arguments) != 2: message = "You must specify one category."
+		elif arguments[1] in universe.categories:
+			message = "These are the elements in the \"" + arguments[1] + "\" category:$(eol)"
+			elements = [(universe.categories[arguments[1]][x].key) for x in universe.categories[arguments[1]].keys()]
+			elements.sort()
+			for element in elements:
+				message += "$(eol)   $(grn)" + element + "$(nrm)"
+		else: message = "Category \"" + arguments[1] + "\" does not exist."
+	elif arguments[0] == "file":
+		if len(arguments) != 2: message = "You must specify one file."
+		elif arguments[1] in universe.files:
+			message = "These are the elements in the \"" + arguments[1] + "\" file:$(eol)"
+			elements = universe.files[arguments[1]].data.sections()
+			elements.sort()
+			for element in elements:
+				message += "$(eol)   $(grn)" + element + "$(nrm)"
+		else: message = "Category \"" + arguments[1] + "\" does not exist."
+	elif arguments[0] == "element":
+		if len(arguments) != 2: message = "You must specify one element."
+		elif arguments[1] in universe.contents:
+			element = universe.contents[arguments[1]]
+			message = "These are the properties of the \"" + arguments[1] + "\" element (in \"" + element.origin.filename + "\"):$(eol)"
+			facets = element.facets()
+			facets.sort()
+			for facet in facets:
+				message += "$(eol)   $(grn)" + facet + ": $(red)" + escape_macros(element.get(facet)) + "$(nrm)"
+		else: message = "Element \"" + arguments[1] + "\" does not exist."
+	elif arguments[0] == "result":
+		if len(arguments) < 2: message = "You need to specify an expression."
+		else:
+			try:
+				message = repr(eval(" ".join(arguments[1:])))
+			except:
+				message = "Your expression raised an exception!"
+	elif arguments[0] == "log":
+		if len(arguments) == 4:
+			if match("^\d+$", arguments[3]) and int(arguments[3]) >= 0:
+				stop = int(arguments[3])
+			else: stop = -1
+		else: stop = 0
+		if len(arguments) >= 3:
+			if match("^\d+$", arguments[2]) and int(arguments[2]) > 0:
+				start = int(arguments[2])
+			else: start = -1
+		else: start = 10
+		if len(arguments) >= 2:
+			if match("^\d+$", arguments[1]) and 0 <= int(arguments[1]) <= 9:
+				level = int(arguments[1])
+			else: level = -1
+		else: level = 1
+		if level > -1 and start > -1 and stop > -1:
+			message = get_loglines(level, start, stop)
+		else: message = "When specified, level must be 0-9 (default 1), start and stop must be >=1 (default 10 and 1)."
+	else: message = "I don't know what \"" + parameters + "\" is."
+	actor.send(message)
+
+def command_create(actor, parameters):
+	"""Create an element if it does not exist."""
+	if not parameters: message = "You must at least specify an element to create."
+	elif not actor.owner: message = ""
+	else:
+		arguments = parameters.split()
+		if len(arguments) == 1: arguments.append("")
+		if len(arguments) == 2:
+			element, filename = arguments
+			if element in universe.contents: message = "The \"" + element + "\" element already exists."
+			else:
+				message = "You create \"" + element + "\" within the universe."
+				logline = actor.owner.account.get("name") + " created an element: " + element
+				if filename:
+					logline += " in file " + filename
+					if filename not in universe.files:
+						message += " Warning: \"" + filename + "\" is not yet included in any other file and will not be read on startup unless this is remedied."
+				Element(element, universe, filename)
+				log(logline, 6)
+		elif len(arguments) > 2: message = "You can only specify an element and a filename."
+	actor.send(message)
+
+def command_destroy(actor, parameters):
+	"""Destroy an element if it exists."""
+	if actor.owner:
+		if not parameters: message = "You must specify an element to destroy."
+		else:
+			if parameters not in universe.contents: message = "The \"" + parameters + "\" element does not exist."
+			else:
+				universe.contents[parameters].destroy()
+				message = "You destroy \"" + parameters + "\" within the universe."
+				log(actor.owner.account.get("name") + " destroyed an element: " + parameters, 6)
+		actor.send(message)
+
+def command_set(actor, parameters):
+	"""Set a facet of an element."""
+	if not parameters: message = "You must specify an element, a facet and a value."
+	else:
+		arguments = parameters.split(" ", 2)
+		if len(arguments) == 1: message = "What facet of element \"" + arguments[0] + "\" would you like to set?"
+		elif len(arguments) == 2: message = "What value would you like to set for the \"" + arguments[1] + "\" facet of the \"" + arguments[0] + "\" element?"
+		else:
+			element, facet, value = arguments
+			if element not in universe.contents: message = "The \"" + element + "\" element does not exist."
+			else:
+				universe.contents[element].set(facet, value)
+				message = "You have successfully (re)set the \"" + facet + "\" facet of element \"" + element + "\". Try \"show element " + element + "\" for verification."
+	actor.send(message)
+
+def command_delete(actor, parameters):
+	"""Delete a facet from an element."""
+	if not parameters: message = "You must specify an element and a facet."
+	else:
+		arguments = parameters.split(" ")
+		if len(arguments) == 1: message = "What facet of element \"" + arguments[0] + "\" would you like to delete?"
+		elif len(arguments) != 2: message = "You may only specify an element and a facet."
+		else:
+			element, facet = arguments
+			if element not in universe.contents: message = "The \"" + element + "\" element does not exist."
+			elif facet not in universe.contents[element].facets(): message = "The \"" + element + "\" element has no \"" + facet + "\" facet."
+			else:
+				universe.contents[element].remove_facet(facet)
+				message = "You have successfully deleted the \"" + facet + "\" facet of element \"" + element + "\". Try \"show element " + element + "\" for verification."
+	actor.send(message)
 
-def command_error(user, command="", parameters=""):
+def command_error(actor, input_data):
 	"""Generic error for an unrecognized command word."""
 
 	# 90% of the time use a generic error
 	if randrange(10):
-		message = "I'm not sure what \"" + command
-		if parameters:
-			message += " " + parameters
-		message += "\" means..."
+		message = "I'm not sure what \"" + input_data + "\" means..."
 
 	# 10% of the time use the classic diku error
 	else:
 		message = "Arglebargle, glop-glyf!?!"
 
 	# send the error message
-	user.send(message)
+	actor.send(message)
+
+def daemonize():
+	"""Fork and disassociate from everything."""
+	if universe.contents["internal:process"].getboolean("daemon"):
+		import sys
+		log("Disassociating from the controlling terminal.")
+		if fork(): _exit(0)
+		setsid()
+		for stdpipe in range(3): close(stdpipe)
+		sys.stdin = sys.__stdin__ = file("/dev/null", "r")
+		sys.stdout = sys.stderr = sys.__stdout__ = sys.__stderr__ = file("/dev/null", "w")
 
 # if there is no universe, create an empty one
 if not "universe" in locals(): universe = Universe()